Infrastructure was also severely damaged in 2011, when an earthquake and tsunami hit Japans east coast, triggering the destruction of a nuclear power plant in Fukushima. According to Article 23(1) of Japan's Public Housing Law, it only applies to married and unmarried different-sex couples. The China . The Imperial Throne shall be dynastic and succeeded to in accordance with the Imperial House Law passed by the Diet. Do conditions impede users ability to mobilize, form communities, and campaign, particularly on political and social issues? Since the laws introduction, many cities have subsequently moved to legislate against hate speech (see C2). However, the LDP ultimately decided not to submit a bill on LGBT+ equality due to strong opposition by some conservative lawmakers.8, In early 2019, users rallied behind a Tokyo Shimbun reporter who was targeted by the government. Digital activism in Japan has been highly effective at both the local and the national level, and online mobilization tools are freely available. Censorship of pornography in Japan, be it animated, photographed or filmed, has always been superficial, focusing on blocking out or blurring the sex organs. In July 2020, lawmakers from the Liberal Democratic Party urged the government to restrict the use of TikTok over concerns that Chinese officials might be able to access sensitive user data via the app.1 Specifically, the government will consolidate personal information among local government and central government servers, and will link personal data to individuals unique 12-digit numbers.9, During the drafting process, it became clear that the government's priority was to effectively manage internet users information rather than to protect personal data.10 The censorship directives are the latest sign of how thoroughly Hong Kong is being reshaped by Beijing's security law, which took aim at the city's pro-democracy protest movement but has had . Iwakami was sentenced to pay 330,000 ($2,992) in September 2019 after he retweeted a post from 2017 that suggested Hashimoto was responsible for the suicide of one of his subordinates.3, Several users have been arrested and charged under a 2011 law criminalizing the creation and use of computer viruses without a legitimate reason (see C2). In a survey by the Japan Medical Association, there were 700 incidents between October and December 2020 where medical staff treating COVID-19 patients were subject to online harassment.1 Some companies cooperate with investigative authorities by turning over their users' data without receiving a court order. Although that years guidelines from the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC) garnered criticism, they helped address concerns that the cost of switching providers favored dominant players and created a barrier for new market entrants.8 Service providers protect themselves from civil liability by adhering to voluntary guidelines on takedown requests.8 Political bots have also permeated the Japanese internet. Glad to see Japanese publishers standing up to Western companies. Wi-Fi access has been tied to mobile subscriptions in the past, which presents a barrier for users without contracts.7, Connectivity is occasionally restricted accidentally or due to network congestion and server outages. Do national regulatory bodies that oversee service providers and digital technology fail to operate in a free, fair, and independent manner? The information collected is reportedly stored for around two months, during which it is analyzed to determine if it is of interest to the DFS. The amendments are set to come into effect in 2022.1, In May 2021, the government launched an investigation into the data management polices of LINE, a messaging application with servers based in Japan, after a report revealed that Chinese engineers had accessed LINEs data without the companys knowledge. See all data, scores & information on this country or territory. creator Ken Akamatsu has decided to walk the walk and change Japanese censorship laws by running for office. One thing that's quickly noticeable is how Japanese adult videos are censored. March 23, 2021, 2:30 PM Japan granted asylum to less than 1 percent of refugees and asylum-seekers who applied in 2019, despite having the third-largest economy in the world. The Agency for Cultural Affairs has jurisdiction over copyright law and provides guidance and supervision to copyright management organizations, including JASRAC. Some self-regulatory bodies also manage content and other issues. At the end of the coverage period, the government had not taken steps to restrict use of the platform. However, in June 2018, Okamoto Kenichiro, known as Hagex online, was murdered in Fukuoka after presenting a seminar on best practices to deal with online disagreements and abuse, among other topics.7 Update: February 8, 2022 A ccess Now and civil society organizations from across the globe are calling on the international community and technology companies to stand with the people of Myanmar and resist the coup both physical and digital. 482-FZ on Amendments to the Federal Law on Enforcement Actions Regarding Persons Involved in Violations of Fundamental Human Rights and Freedoms and the Rights and Freedoms of the Russian Federation Citizens. This would mean navigating the country's notoriously tricky censorship rules, but given that China was, at the time, home to an estimated 560 million gamers, the commercial appeal was irresistible. Some of those arrested were fined 100,000 ($906).5 The future being, oh, around the year. Does the online information landscape lack diversity and reliability? Customers in small cities, towns, and villages paid an average monthly price of nearly 3,024 ($29.04). Individuals can be sentenced to up to three years in prison or fines of up to 500,000 ($4,534). A Change.org petition calling for Mori's resignation garnered more than 145,000 signatures in one week. The original case was brought after a 2010 leak of police documents revealed that Muslims were subject to widespread monitoring for possible terrorist activity. In November 2020, Capcom, a prominent video game company, reported that it paid a 1.1 billion ($9.9 million) ransom in exchange for the recovery of stolen materials.11 A 2011 law criminalized the creation or distribution of computer viruses without a legitimate reason.13 In May 2021, the Diet enacted the Digital Reform Bill, which streamlines how officials in Japan handle and share data and revises how personal data is protected under the law. Article 2. Do state or nonstate actors employ legal, administrative, or other means to force publishers, content hosts, or digital platforms to delete content, particularly material that is protected by international human rights standards? I don't know a whole lot about japanese censorship stuff, I know Sony itself likes to censor though. Published Dec 29, 2021 Negima!? Since today we are discussing censorship, I thought it would be appropriate to show two books of Japanese early nineteenth-century shunga (lit. Some private companies occasionally accept the governments requests to remove content. Osakas ordinance authorized the public identification of groups that disseminate hate speech, defined as communication which defames and aims to exclude a particular group based on race or ethnicity, including through online transmission, according to news reports.16 NTT, formerly a state monopoly, was privatized in 1985 and reorganized in 1999 under a law promoting functional separation between the companys mobile, fixed-line telephone, and internet services.5 Courts have continued to consider lawsuits from individuals requesting that search engines delink inaccurate or irrelevant material about them from public results, but the Supreme Court has laid down important guidance that set limits on such right to be forgotten removals.1 Cyberattacks occasionally target civil society and private companies, although none were reported during the coverage period. However, the ordinance did stipulate that the city would take measures to prevent the spread of hate on the internet.17 A new player, e-commerce company Rakuten, which seeks to become Japans fourth major mobile service provider, launched its mobile service in April 2020.2. And in Japan, case law precedent offers non . The UNs special rapporteur for privacy noted ahead of the laws passage that in order to establish the existence and the extent of such a planning and preparatory actions, it is logical to assume that those charged would have had to be subjected to a considerable level of surveillance beforehand.7, Under a wiretap law enacted in 2000, law enforcement agents may seek a court order to conduct electronic surveillance in criminal investigations involving drugs, firearms, human trafficking, or organized murders, in an exception to articles of other laws that explicitly forbid wiretapping.8 In other words, even after the new law goes into effect, a . Are websites, governmental and private entities, service providers, or individual users subject to widespread hacking and other forms of cyberattack? In April 2018, the government asked internet service providers (ISPs) to block manga piracy sites, including Mangamura, AniTube!, and MioMio, prompting a public debate that highlighted tensions between the protection of intellectual property on one hand and users rights to private communications and the constitutional ban on censorship on the other.2 Musician Takemura Kiriko authored a Twitter post in favor of the campaign that month, but deleted it after some social media users left negative comments. In 2016, the law was expanded to include fraud, theft, and child sexual abuse images.9 In February 2021, weekly news magazine Shukan Bunshun reported that NTT's president and other executives had repeatedly treated officials from the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, including Deputy Director General Yasuhiko Taniwaki, to lavish dinners.6 Do restrictions on the internet and digital content lack transparency, proportionality to the stated aims, or an independent appeals process? Kisha clubs and an advertising market that favors established players may be preventing digital media from gaining a stronger foothold in the market. Asymmetric regulation, which creates stricter rules for providers with a higher market share, has helped diversify the industry.6, Beginning in 2014, the government required mobile service providers to unlock SIM cards at user request; this has made it easier for users to switch providers and use third-party prepaid SIM cards.7 The 2013 My Number law introduced a unique 12-digit number for all long-term residents used to access unified social welfare services and taxation purposes. A Myanmar citizen has filed a complaint at the Norwegian Data Protection Authority against Telenor Group under Article 77(1) of the European Union . The judge also ordered the confiscation of approximately 62 million ($562,290) that Hoshino had hidden in overseas bank accounts. However, recent developments in Japan have raised serious concerns about increased surveillance, including reports of opaque surveillance operations and the approval of a conspiracy law that may allow police to seek wiretap warrants in a wider range of circumstances. In April 2021, CrowdStrike, a US cybersecurity company, stated that the risk of cyberattacks at the event was low because of the restrictions on audience.3. In one significant instance, government officials and the Tokyo Electric Power Company (TEPCO) withheld data about pollution after the 2011 Fukushima nuclear disaster. competitors and others criticized the acquisition, saying it was contrary to the intent of the 1999 NTT Law. The Hungarian winner of the MTV EMA Generation Change Award says an anti-LGBTQ law passed in June is enticing 'fear and censorship.' Hungarian MTV Award Winner on Life Under Country's LGBTQ Law . After a three-month delay in rollout due to the COVID-19 pandemic, Rakuten Mobile launched 5G services in September 2020.4 To help limit its effectiveness, two local dailies instituted fact-checking processes. The changes allowed the NICT and the MIC to carry out the NOTICE program, authorizing them to attempt to access domestic internet-enabled devices for up to five years in an effort to strengthen cybersecurity (see C8).4 The laws authors struggled to balance restrictions on racial and ethnic slurs with freedom of expression guarantees in the constitution.5 Media scrutiny of reportage involving the 2011 disaster has continued. Japanese politician Yamada Taro has proposed changes to Criminal Code 175, so that hentai and pornography would no longer be censored. Some companies offer free Wi-Fi, including the private company Wire and Wireless (Wi2), part of the KDDI group, which provides free internet access in restaurants, coffee shops, and train stations; registration requires an email address.6 Kisha clubs include reporters covering institutions such as government ministries or major corporations but are only open to traditional media companies.1 According to the Inclusive Internet Index 2021 report, Japan ranks 12th out of 100 countries surveyed for affordability, defined by cost of access relative to income and the level of competition in the internet market.1 Analysis of about half a million sample tweets posted before and after Japan's 2014 general election revealed that most posts were near-duplicates or retweets of those posted by bots, including many that disseminated nationalist or progovernment messages.3 Happily, if history is a guide, this accelerating spread of censorship will. In 2002, industry associations produced guidelines designed to protect ISPs from legal liability within the jurisdiction of the Japanese courts. In November 2018, the amended Telecommunications Business Act and the Act on the National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT) came into effect.3 A 2012 legal revision targeting copyright violators applies to any internet users who download content they know has been illegally copied, as opposed to just those engaged in piracy for commercial gain.3 Germany, which has. YouTubers and Instagram personalities have also become increasingly influential in recent years. In a 2008 report by the UN Human Rights Committee, they expressed concern about discrimination against LGBT people in several areas, including housing. Man arrested after using AI to 'destroy' censor mosaics in Japanese adult videos Oct. 25, 2021 06:00 am JST 0 Comment TOKYO Kyoto prefectural police officers have arrested a 43-year-old male resident of Takasago, Hyogo Prefecture. That same month, the ministry disclosed that Kobe Steel, NEC, and aerial surveying company Pasco were also targeted by cyberattacks between 2016 and 2018.9, Public attention to cybersecurity threats has increased since mid-2015, when 1.25 million citizens were affected by the release of personal information obtained by hackers who illegally accessed Japans pension system using an email virus.10, In 2020, as Japanese companies shifted to telework during the pandemic, the number of ransomware attacks surged to unprecedented levels, shutting down operations and paralyzing computer and email systems. Increasingly, however, if we want to find direct government censorship of speech, we don't have to travel far. Government statistics show that the average cost of internet access for households with two or more people across Japan in 2020 was 3,601 ($34.59) compared with 3,753 ($36.05) in 2017.2 In June 2008, the law was amended to prohibit the transfer of SIM cards without permission and to require rental companies to verify the identity of customers.1, There are no explicit restrictions on encryption. During the current ordinary session of the Diet, the Japanese government plans to revise the Immigration Control and Refugee Recognition Act in order to prevent the long-term detention of foreign. According to a survey conducted by international security firm CrowdStrike, a little more than half of the 200 largest Japanese companies, including Honda, Canon, Citizen Watch and Asunaro Aoki Construction, have been hit by ransomware cyberattacks, and 33 companies have paid an average of 123 million ($1.12 million) to criminal networks to prevent their password-protected data from leaks. 10 Shocking Examples Of Censorship Groups Or Laws by Michael Van Duisen fact checked by Jamie Frater Censorship is the suppression of communication usually deemed harmful by the ruling government. On February 2, 2021, the Indonesian Government enacted the implementing regulation of the Omnibus Law (Law No.11 of 2020 on Job Creation) regarding the environmental sector, Government Regulation No. Individuals who are half-black and half-Japanese, continue to face racism online. Depictions of genitalia are pixelated to obscure them for internet users based on a commonthough poorly articulatedinterpretation of Article 175 of the penal code, which governs obscenity.7 Criminal sanctions for misusing personal data and restrictions on the transfer of personal data to overseas jurisdictions that lack equivalent safeguards were also strengthened.7 It is a troubling sign of the times in Japan when the government fails to unequivocally condemn threats of violence that target freedom of expression while politicians grandstand on censoring art. In 2017, the Japanese Supreme Court ruled in favor of Google and established criteria for delisting search results that same year.10 The J-NSC remained active during the coverage period.2. 22 of 2021 on Environmental Protection and Management ("GR No.22/2021"). Amidst the Covid-19 pandemic and its toll on everyday life, the country has transitioned to new political leadership. Outstanding challenges include ethnic and gender-based discrimination and claims of improperly close relations between government and the business sector. Every country has, at one time or another, been guilty of grievous acts of censorship. he age of consent in Japan is 13 years old because it is based on the Napoleonic Code, which was introduced to Japan in the late 19th century. Kisha clubs provide essential access to officials in Japan, but they have been accused of denying such access to young journalists and new media outlets; the system may also limit some reporters access to certain locations, such as areas affected by the 2011 Fukushima disaster. Taniwaki, who had been instrumental in the governments policies on mobile phone prices, was quickly transferred to another position.7, In March 2021, the Cabinet approved Shunichi Tokura, the former chairman of the Japan Music Rights Association (JASRAC), as Commissioner for Cultural Affairs. During the previous reporting period, a number of users were charged with virus-related offenses (see C3). In June 2016, the Supreme Court dismissed a legal challenge to the police practice of monitoring places of worship and other venues used by members of the Muslim community. Experts are concerned that the new policies to streamline data handling between the local and central governments will dilute personal information protections previously established by local governments and may enable increased government surveillance.11 Access is well distributed across the population, though access is less common among the elderly.4 Increasing smartphone use has made the mobile market more competitive and resulted in improved pricing options, although the cost of service can otherwise be quite high. Japanese courts continue to uphold strict criteria for delisting search results on major platforms. Just as in ancient Grecian communities, the Roman ideal of good governance included shaping the character of the people. Censorship has followed the free expression of men and women like a shadow throughout history. Facebook reported 66 government requests involving 82 accounts between July and December 2020. Observers argue that the industry has generally improved since the MIC was established in 2001, which resulted from the merger of the Ministry of Home Affairs, the Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications, and the governments Management and Coordination Agency.1, Nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) supported by the relevant companies in these three sectors perform a self-regulatory function. In April 2021, a bill was unanimously passed and enacted in the Diet which amends the Provider Liability Limitation Act to make it easier to identify users who allegedly slander people on the internet. No third party can do so. Individuals can generally use the internet anonymously in Japan. Many people lost service for days or weeks, and mobile phone usage dropped by almost half in the affected areas.10. In June 2021, after the coverage period, the Fukuoka District Court sentenced Romi Hoshino to three years in prison and a fine of 10 million ($90,692) for allegedly operating the manga piracy website, Mangamura (see B1). In March 2020, the government approved a revision of the Copyright Act, criminalizing the downloading of unlicensed manga, magazines, and academic publications with a prison term of up to two years, a fine of 2 million ($18,000), or both. Major mobile service providers require customers to present identification documents in order to subscribe. At the same time, the actions depicted onscreen, and the wider themes of the story, are entirely free of any restrictions. Sharp regional cost disparities exist; service was more expensive in Japans major cities in 2020, with customers paying an average of 3,835 ($36.89) per month. In June 2018, police announced that they arrested 16 website operators for allegedly using a service called Coinhive to mine cryptocurrencies via visitors computers without their consent.4 the use of Googles Person Finder web application to facilitate rescue and recovery,2 Political rights and civil liberties are generally well respected. Nippon Telegraph and Telephone (NTT) Docomo, KDDI, and SoftBank all launched commercial fifth-generation (5G) services in March 2020.3 Chinese groups BlackTech and Tick were reportedly behind the breaches.7 These included interactive maps to share public information about disaster relief,1 In 2002, industry associations produced guidelines designed to protect ISPs from legal liability within the jurisdiction of the Japanese courts. COVID-19 patients and individuals who allegedly tested positive for the virus also faced harassment on social media.2. The assassination of former Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe has shocked Japan, a country with one of the world's lowest rates of gun crime due to its strict laws on gun ownership. The Tokyo-based Safer Internet Association (SIA) reported that it was asked to manage over 7,276 cases of nonconsensual sharing of intimate images in 2019 and secured the deletion of the content in 6,771 (93 percent) of those cases.2, Previously, inflammatory, nationalist speech targeting Japanese residents of Korean origin and other minority groups was also subject to removal. Masayuki Nakamoto, 43, was said to have made about 11 million yen ($96,000) from peddling over 10,000 processed porn clips, and was formally accused of selling ten hardcore photos for 2,300 yen ($20). Cybersecurity efforts ramped up ahead of the summer Olympics, which were originally planned for 2020, particularly around internet of things (IoT) devices.1, In October 2020, the UK National Cyber Security Centre revealed that Russian military intelligence was planning a cyberattack on the Tokyo Olympics and Paralympics in the summer of 2021 in an attempt to disrupt the event.2 In 2016, the IHC began providing reports to Safe-line, a website maintained by the SIA.17 The move raised serious concerns over whether blocking was constitutionally allowed, and the government later indicated that it would introduce legislation to broaden its blocking authority (see B3). For this article, we consider these bodies to be government entities. The ruling Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) has governed almost continuously since 1955, with stints in opposition from 1993 to 1994 and 2009 to 2012. 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