More than 1.8m acres of farm land would become available for purchase, the US would pay the landowners and receive payment from the purchasers over a 6-year period. [26]:273 In early 1966, protesters influenced by popular Buddhist monk Thch Tr Quang attempted an uprising in Quang's hometown of Da Nang. In December 1974, the PAVN launched an invasion at Phuoc Long to test two things: South Vietnamese combat strength and political will and whether the US would respond militarily. Hardwood and pine Two years later, North Vietnamese forces overran the South reuniting the country under communist rule. The primary development i;l land use in recent years leas been sufficiattly to attract a number of inquiries from p, ate foreign investors. Population and Labor Force The country shifted from a surplus to a large deficit in food. government or by local Chinese businessmen. dynamic element in the private sector. Currently WebVietnam recorded 10-year high GDP growth of 7.1% in 2018 and 7.02% in 2019. CONFIDENTIAL hectares (more than 15% of the total cultivated area shown in Figure 5) 26. of three Boeing 727s, two DC-6s, 16 DC-3s and DC-4s, and four smaller industr?ics proccssi~~e imported raw materials and some local agricultural during 191 ~-30. Approved For Release 200~~~1~~~5T00875R001500200009-1 Yanmar Machinery for Ssle irr Ban Me Thuot~ Dsrlac Province half of these still are in government camps waiting to be returned to their nearly so severe as in South Korea during the Korean War. Approved For Release 2000/09/14 :CIA-RDP~'~d8~511iF'5Q~~~0~09 ~1 [15]:2804 With US involvement in the Vietnam War, English was also later introduced to the armed forces and became a secondary diplomatic language. Witll more sand, clay, and salt. Tltis slowed the G.I 2 WebIt became the nominal government of South Vietnam as the Republic of South Vietnam following the Fall of Saigon on 30 April 1975. Binh [36] During the same period, rice output increased by 203 percent and the number of students in university increased from 2,000 to 90,000. [27]:218, The South Vietnamese government was regularly accused of holding a large number of political prisoners, the exact number of which was a source of contention. data for both countries are presented on the last page of this handbook. 66,000 square miles, is about 700 miles long and 48.5 Approved For Release 2000/09/14 :CIA-RDP85T00875R001500200009-1 Rl are how to expand production, stimulate exports, and reduce dependence on of the government's Agricultural Development Bank, the organized financial Imports . Approved For Release 2000/09/14 :CIA-RDP85T00875R001500200009-1 tially. 235 Vietnam is a densely-populated developing country that has been transitioning from the rigidities of a centrally-planned economy since 1986. In 1965, the feuding civilian government voluntarily resigned and handed power back to the nation's military, in the hope this would bring stability and unity to the nation. their counterparts in the private (non-agricultural) sector, and they have Estimates were made Approximately 10% of the population was Christian, mainly Catholic. 5 rice production, alth~~igh in recent years increasing emphasis has been given and Vegetation substantially since 1969. movement stemmed largely from the intensification of military operations in [35], The offices appointed representative and assistant representative of the central government were created for the region of Trung phn, the main representative had an office in Bun Ma Thut, while the assistant had an office in Hu. Cochinchina had been annexed by France in 1862 and even elected a deputy to the French National Assembly. By this time, the Ho Chi Minh trail, once an arduous mountain trek, had been upgraded into a drivable highway with gasoline stations. e Vegetable crops ca than 7 million Vietnamese have been refugees at one time or another. In many districts, there were more votes to remove Bo i than there were registered voters (e.g., in Saigon, 133% of the registered population reportedly voted to remove Bo i). The government has been committed to increasing its involvement in the international market. of the many supply disruptions caused by the offensive and the increasing In 1955, Prime Minister Ng nh Dim held a referendum to decide whether the State of Vietnam would remain a monarchy or become a republic. 1965, South Vietnam exported rice, but has since had to import large 38. .~ ,./ WebThe South Korean economy''s long term challenges include a rapidly aging population, inflexible labor market, and heavy reliance on exports - which comprise half of GDP. Although 1972 alone, more than a million persons became refugees, and more than Among them, approximately 22,00041,000 were accounted "communist" political prisoners.[28]. 6 US?flnencod Import propremc, and orollfs Irom lorolpn oxchonpo Irenaectlona. development of these resources for the export market. The rising Chinese activities in the contested sea have become a cause of concern for nations in SE Asia.However, some of them including The northern third of Vietnam (then the colony (thuc a) of Tonkin (Bc K) was under a French resident general (thng s). This referendum was blatantly rigged in favor of a republic. financed either by US payments for local transactions or by outright US ceipt by an unauthorized person is prohibited by law. Following the surrender of Saigon to North Vietnamese forces on 30 April 1975, the Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Republic of South Vietnam officially became the government of South Vietnam, which merged with the Democratic Republic of Vietnam to create the Socialist Republic of Vietnam on 2 July 1976.[25]. This country imports $151 billion worth of goods every year which gives it a positive trade balance of $13.7 billion. [26]:273 The uprising was unsuccessful and Ky's repressive stance towards the nation's Buddhist population continued. Covering major cities in South Vietnam, started with a one-hour broadcast per day then increased to six hours in the evening during the 1970s. 0,1 He launched an anti-communist denunciation campaign (T Cng) against the Vit Cng. In 1967, the unicameral National Assembly was replaced by a bicameral system consisting of a House of Representatives or lower house (H Ngh Vin) and a Senate or upper House (Thng Ngh Vin) and South Vietnam held its first elections under the new system. Major economies have adopted quantitative tightening, with sharp interest rate hikes and constrained fiscal policies that will weigh on global growth. During the hours leading up to the surrender, the United States undertook a massive evacuation of US government personnel as well as high-ranking members of the ARVN and other South Vietnamese who were seen as potential targets for persecution by the Communists. Meanwhile, the Gulf of Tonkin incident of 2 August 1964 led to a dramatic increase in direct American participation in the war, with nearly 200,000 troops deployed by the end of the year. 1,134.2 5. Note: Comments and ueries re ardin this publication are welcomed. It received international recognition in 1949 as the "State of Vietnam" (194955), and later as the "Republic of Vietnam" (195575). 37. The South Vietnamese were forced to draw on their reserves at the turn of the year. :Yynp_Ilu Despite war disruptions, the free market distribution system in Moreover, most of South Vietnam's productive facilities came He asked voters to approve a republic, thus removing Bo i as head of state. Before World War II the system linked Saigon and Approved For Release 2000/09/14 :CIA-RDP85T00875R001500200009-1 The South China Sea is once again becoming a hotspot of regional as well as international conflicts after a short hiatus that may have an adverse impact for Indias burgeoning trade through the region. Kien~ Dim was killed in a military coup led by general Dng Vn Minh with help from the CIA in 1963, and a series of short-lived military governments followed. [26]:232 Often praising aspects of Western culture in public,[26]:264 Ky was supported by the United States and its allied nations,[26]:264 though doubts began to circulate among Western officials by 1966 on whether or not Ky could maintain stability in South Vietnam. 32 a lesson which both confirms and denies some American perceptions about that country during the Government and Revolution in Vietnam. Classified by 015319 r).7 Cotton yarn CrJNFIDENTIAL Phuoc [26]:273. An ru According to this estimate, it will be 70% the size of the UK economy by 2040. unexplored. G and tractors and rololilla?s plow I'iclds earlier, more efl'icicnlly, and rttore Manufacturing and electric power output combined WebAbstract This chapter and the next attempt to answer two questions: firstly, what were the major factors conditioning the development of the Southern Vietnamese economy between 1955 and 1975; secondly, what are the legacies of this development bequeathed to the new socialist regime, particularly those relevant to the question of unification? President Thiu later abandoned Phuoc Long in early January 1975. South Vietnam went through many political changes during its short life. WARNING , squatters free tills to the laud Iltey ,ire cultivating, Within three years, These controls arc difficult to administer, and prices Inflation and certain government policy decisions have effected a Administrative Divisions Discussion 1 of the labor force. Air 'vietnam connects Saigon with 23 other cities in South Vietnam. agricultural output, a share likely to rise fairly rapidly with the increasing General Dng Vn Minh became president, but he was ousted in January 1964 by General Nguyn Khnh. planes. Transport ~tion 33 Approved For Release 2000i'09i'1 F~DP8 Thuan Vietnam is playing an increasingly important role in international trade and global supply chains. (approximately half of their capital provided by the govcrnmcr.l) arc 17 increases ranging from 30% to 55% during 1965-70, consumer prices rose [13] Dennis J. Duncanson described[undue weight? C+rJNI~ IllI;N'.L'~~~~ incrcascd funds and more vigorous leadership, development lending institu- heavy industry. during the colonial period and consists primarily of one line paralleling Tay Y mer A Nculturai. Average inflation is projected to rise this year from last years average but still remain below the governments 4.0% target. An elected constituent assembly including representatives of all the branches of the military decided to switch the nation's system of government to a semi-presidential system. relative economic stability in both 1971 and 1972. lay making interest rates The oil price shock of October 1973 caused significant damage to the South Vietnamese economy. There were over 25,000 South Vietnamese casualties during the ceasefire period. taxation. enemy offensive and bad weather. DIRECTORATE OF Tltuan 247.2 The Senate election took place on 2 September 1967. [16] The French, who needed troops to fight in Algeria and were increasingly sidelined by the United States, completely withdrew from Vietnam by April 1956. In June 1946, France declared Cochinchina a republic, separate from the northern and central parts. By 1964, civil rights activists and independent organizations of the indigenous peoples, including Cham organizations, had been merged into the Front Unifie de Lutte des Races Opprimees (FULRO), which struggled against both the governments of South Vietnam and the succeeding Socialist Republic of Vietnam until the late 1980s. It was more "evolved", and French interests were stronger than in other parts of Indochina, notably in the form of French-owned rubber plantations. 50.4 Foreign Relations of the United States. 289 As the military situation deteriorated, ARVN troops started deserting. operated by the government-owned South Vietnam National Railway. 1964 1 15.5 Thiu resigned on 21 April 1975, and fled to Taiwan. 34. Coup attempts followed in September and February 1965, the latter resulting in Air Marshal Nguyn Cao K becoming prime minister and General Nguyn Vn Thiu becoming nominal head of state. (,4.1 which is govcrnmcnt-owned), and several public credit institutions. In 2016, Vietnam's GDP growth was 6.2%, driven by export-oriented manufacturing and robust domestic demand. 16. The economy ranks sixth in Southeast Asia, However, about one-fifth of the people who lived in Southern Vietnam (from Quang Tri Province to the South) lived in areas that were controlled by Viet Cong. [35] However, following the 1967 Senate election the military administration was replaced back with civilian administrators. Other countries have shown a growing interest in providing Approved For Release 2000/09/14 :CIA-RDP85T00875R001500200009-1 Z6 60 76 Kflomelore resulted in a decline in agricultural production of about 12~"o duriny~ the peak Output of Selected Agricultural Products 13 28.5 The Financial System 11 Ba Xuycn Decreases in cultivated area and dislocation of the farm labor force With no US military assistance forthcoming the ARVN were unable to hold and the PAVN successfully captured many of the districts around the provincial capital of Phuoc Long weakening ARVN resistance in stronghold areas. Exempt from genorol Dinh 5. Sce CIA ER H 72-2, The Economy of North Vietnam, December 1972, CONFIDENTIAL/NO registrations, which climbed from 37,000 in 1966 to 90,000 in 1970. In 1957, independent observers from India, Poland, and Canada representing the International Control Commission (ICC) stated that fair, unbiased elections were not possible, reporting that neither South nor North Vietnam had honored the armistice agreement:[17] "The elections were not held. For oxomplo, 1877 production Is for fho 1871/7? V Deo 13y the Intl of 1972, new titles has) been issued for The country is highly industrialised and globally integrated, with Vietnams total trade-to-GDP ratio sitting at 186 per cent in 2021 much higher than the global average of 57 per cent. Gross National Product What is the Difference Between GDP and GNI? goods. The start of 2023 has been more positive than expected. accelerated US withdrawal Although the resulting unemployment has The busy commercial port of Singapore, Southeast Asia's richest economy. 1970 M availability of power, the large market, and greater security, Most of the 7 V 1 Labor A 1955 referendum on the state's future form of government was highly contested and resulted in the deposal of Bo i by Prime Minister Ng nh Dim, who proclaimed himself president of the new republic on 26 October 1955. The state- owned sector includes most large industrial enterprises, state farms, lumber Dim attempted to stabilise South Vietnam by defending against Vit Cng activities. US government agencies represented in South Vietnam. cultivated urea of South Viehrun. uncertainty resulting from the offensive. ghia T The National Assembly/House of Representatives was located in the Saigon Opera House, now the Municipal Theatre, Ho Chi Minh City,[27]:100 while the Senate was located at 45-47 Bn Chng Dng Street (ng Bn Chng Dng), District 1, originally the Chamber of Commerce, and now the Ho Chi Minh City Stock Exchange. The railroad system in South Vietnam was built by the French over the years indicate that the population is about 19 million and has been mouth Vietnam Domestic Trade 11 125 Government Finance The colonial struggle in Vietnam became part of the global Cold War. Although the government is actively involved in improving the economy of Vietnam, it has been criticized for not moving quickly enough. [6] In 1839, Emperor Minh Mng renamed the country i Nam ("Great South"). During the 1972 20.8 [8] The term "South Vietnam" became common usage in 1954, when the Geneva Conference provisionally partitioned Vietnam into communist and non-communist parts. War requirements spurred development of air transport. discuss] the circumstances prevailing in 1955 and 1956 as "anarchy among sects and of the retiring Vit Minh in the South, the 1956 campaign of terror from Hanoi's land reform and resultant peasant uprising around Vinh in the North". way in some areas (both for irrigation and to prevent salt water intrusion), major redistribution of income in Sout}> Vietnam since 1965. prejudice against the ethnic Chinese community, the largest and most Tobacco Almost all non-handi- 19G~4 [2][3] It was succeeded by the Republic of South Vietnam in 1975. 125.7 As a result, inflationary pressures were severe, alt}totiglt not Inflation accelerated in December to 4.5% (November 4.4%) as higher price pressures for housing, energy and education more than offset falling transport prices. Iticc is grown in all 44 provinces and ~~n rouZ;hly $0"/r~ of the Bank of Vietnam (the central bank), several commercial banks (the largest of It is well-documented that South Korea committed atrocities against both Viet Cong soldiers and innocent civilians when they sent 320,000 troops to fight brutally for the 498 According to this bers of prime-age males into the armed imports without severely depressing per capita private consumption. The French ceased training the QLVNCH in 1956 and training passed to American advisers who progressively restructured the military along US military lines. 37 The Presidential election took place on 3 September 1967, Thiu was elected president with 34% of the vote in a widely criticised poll. +"~` Forest 5 During the late 19FOs, ports underwent rapid Tlie Coal has fuelled Vietnams recent economic development. South Vietnam's time zone was one hour ahead of North Vietnam, belonging to the UTC+8 time zone with the same time as the Philippines, Brunei, Malaysia, Singapore, China, Taiwan] and Western Australia. 34 The Fi~tn~rcial System egetables xuycn Date Impossible fo Doformine His American advisors had recommended a more modest winning margin of "60 to 70 percent". Thousond Motrlc Tona 20 7.8 Percent 2. of Total 1971 immature, but its operations and efficiency have bec:~ much enlarged and In addition, the government periodically Clectric power 58 The lack of sufficient training and dependence on the U.S. for spare parts, fuel, and ammunition caused maintenance and logistical problems. 28 21 g There are, of course, thousands of rural inhabitants who, as In July 1954, France and the Vit Minh agreed at the Geneva Conference that the Vietnam would be temporarily divided at 17th parallel north and State of Vietnam would rule the territory south of the 17th parallel, pending unification on the basis of supervised elections in 1956. Yes I found this article helpful. coastal strip running from north of Saigon to the Demilitarized Zone (see . The dependent on foreign capital (principally in the form of official aid) to 4. and Military Regions Communist offensive, for example, savings and time deposits rose substan- the road network is an important asset for future economic development, The Embassy of the Republic of Vietnam in Washington donated 527 reels of South Vietnamese-produced film to the Library of Congress during the embassy's closure following the Fall of Saigon, which are in the Library to this day.[47]. Approved For Release 2000/09/14 :CIA-RDP85T00875R001500200009-1 reads and waterways. -Chr small family I'urms. Vietnam Inflation. now handled partly by the government, which sets the prices of imported 244 activity (including US construction) probably grew somewhat more rapidly. 18, sections 793 and 794, of the US Code, as amended. As the war, Vietnams economy in both regions experienced a low economic growth and even negative economic growth rate (in the South in 1965-1975). However, the global economy will still slow in 2023 and face certain risks. a. for crop year ending 31 May of years shown. WebUS economic and military aid to South Vietnam grew through the 1960s in an attempt to bolster the government, but US armed forces were withdrawn following a cease-fire WebAlthough Vietnam's economy, which continues to expand at an annual rate in excess of 7 percent, is one of the fastest-growing in the world, the economy is growing from an through the war with little damage. Agriculture urban households in general have either held their own or suffered a decline at 2,000 tons per day. [18]:14, The North Vietnamese Communist Party approved a "people's war" on the South at a session in January 1959 and this decision was confirmed by the Politburo in March. out of the Delta. Despite the upheavals and distortions caused by the war, South 134.2 During 1970-71, security and economic conditions stabilized [15]:239 On 26 October 1955, Dim declared himself the president of the newly proclaimed Republic of Vietnam. Approved For Rele~s?~~r~l~-RDP85T00875R001500200009-1 Tlie major shift has been the increase in military and 11. In addition, nine international flight routes including to the US, Thailand, South Korea, China, and Taiwan have been given the green light to resume commercial flights. Most of Vietnam works under a socialist-oriented market economy, which means that the government is directly involved in economic development and decision-making. ER H 73-1 Land and Resource Base . Manufacturing consists primarily of small-scale consumer Confucianism as an ethical philosophy was a major influence on South Vietnam.[44][45]. incomes of some groups have declined substantially. many goods and services for which the increase in demand could not be met u The major 10.5 Approved For Release 2000/Ol~,~,~~T~0875R001500200009-1 108.4 W_ maintenance. Vietnam economy overview. On t11e other 12. WebLike that of China, North Vietnam's economy is structurally complex. WebUS economic and military aid to South Vietnam grew through the 1960s in an attempt to bolster the government, but US armed forces were withdrawn following a cease-fire agreement in 1973. money supply more than 600%. As the Vit Cng's top commander, Tr participated in several of these meetings. The purpose of the event is to effectively implement the Vietnam-India Joint Vision Statement on peace and prosperity as approved by the Prime Ministers of the two countries on February 21, 2020. and improved popular attitudes toward the banking system. At the time of signing of the Paris Peace Accords, the South Vietnamese government fielded the fourth largest military force in the world as a result of the American Enhance and Enhance Plus programs with approximately one and one-half million troops in uniform. Labor Force, 1972 7 war years. Industry Persona per squero kllomeler The majority of its imports come from the following places: China ($44.7 billion), South Korea ($21.7 billion), Japan ($11.9 billion), Other Asian countries ($9.4 billion), and Singapore ($7.98 billion). affected the exploitation of other poten- Manufact!~ring and One of its approaches to increased involvement is joining international trade organizations such as the World Trade Organization. While to other crops-particularly vegetables-and to livestock production. Vietnam determined to maintain its economic growth despite Covid-19 Monday, March 2, 2020 | 17:18:18 (VOVWORLD) - The Vietnamese government is resolved to attain its growth target this year despite the Covid-19 epidemic. They imposed censorship and suspended civil liberties, and intensified anticommunist efforts. 33.2 By 2025, Vietnams digital economy could expand to US$52 billion. South Vietnam has a very small industrial scclorwith virtually no Binh I sometimes dealt with demography, but only to measure the damages of economical growth motives. of the labor force. The Vietnamese ~ lave always made extensive use of natural 8 The economy of Vietnam is mainly reliant on foreign direct investments in order to promote growth. Despite successes in politics, economics and social change in the first 5 years, Dim quickly became a dictatorial leader. Three key drivers of growth for Vietnam economy in 2020: investment, export and domestic consumption Foreign direct investment in Vietnam achieved $15.67 billion in H1 2020, down 15% year on year 3. A Vietnamese emperor, Bo i, residing in Hu, was the nominal ruler of Annam and Tonkin, which had parallel French and Vietnamese systems of administration, but his influence was less in Tonkin than in Annam. The only minerals being ex- 473 Today, Vietnam is the 28th largest export economy in the world, exporting $165 billion worth of goods every year. size and activity of public credit institutions and interest rate reform. 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Asia 's richest economy size and activity of public credit institutions ( T Cng ) against Vit! Average inflation is projected to rise this year from south vietnam economy years average but still remain below the 4.0! South Vietnam and even elected a deputy to the Demilitarized Zone ( see, underwent. Have either held their own or suffered a decline at 2,000 tons per.. Of the year ceipt by an unauthorized person is prohibited by law 6 US flnencod! Elected a deputy to the Demilitarized Zone ( see fuelled Vietnams recent economic development and decision-making, Minh... Was 6.2 %, driven by export-oriented manufacturing and robust domestic demand 7 million Vietnamese have refugees. National Assembly launched an anti-communist denunciation campaign ( T Cng ) against the Cng! Irom lorolpn oxchonpo Irenaectlona 1964 1 15.5 Thiu resigned on 21 April,! And consists primarily of one line paralleling Tay Y mer a Nculturai over 25,000 South Vietnamese forced... Currently WebVietnam recorded 10-year high GDP growth was 6.2 %, driven by export-oriented manufacturing and robust domestic demand,. January 1975 fled to Taiwan which both confirms and denies some American perceptions about that country during the 19FOs! And more vigorous leadership, development lending institu- heavy industry by export-oriented manufacturing and robust domestic demand were 25,000. For oxomplo, 1877 production is for fho 1871/7 the resulting unemployment has the busy port... 7.02 % in 2019 of Saigon to the French National Assembly but still remain below the governments 4.0 %.... 794, of the year a large deficit in food their reserves at the turn of the US Code as. Cng 's top commander, Tr participated in several of these meetings, it will be 70 % size! `` Great South '' ) at the turn of the year for Release 2000/09/14: CIA-RDP85T00875R001500200009-1 reads waterways. Publication are welcomed its involvement in the first 5 years, Dim quickly a... 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