It's approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to treat: hypothyroidism in people of all ages thyrotropin-dependent. The aim of the study was to identify the IgE-binding components responsible for the work-related symptoms. If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your doctor or 911 immediately. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. A combined procedure of immunoblotting and periodate treatment was applied to identify the epitope nature of gum arabic. This case was investigated for allergy to gum arabic and compared with a control group. Many allergy sufferers misunderstand grass allergies to be a reaction to the soft green swath that adorns their front lawn, or, the one they see in their neighborhood park. Allerma is founded by a curious long-time allergy sufferer who is also a certified pollen counter. [1] Levothyroxine supplementation is the routinely accepted treatment for hypothyroidism worldwide. MD said she w, Hello, [Occupational asthma caused by organic substances]. If the Synthroid you take is a gluten trigger, perhaps the easiest way to determine this is to try a different brand of levothyroxine (under the direction of a physician). Learning more every day. My doctor had not heard that it was back on the market-(why would I know and she not know?) What is fructose intolerance and what are the symptoms? Levothyroxine is the standard medication to treat hypothyroidism. Dosing is different because of the gel cap - absorption is usually better, so doses are smaller. Interested in hearing from other with allergies that are taking synthroid, levoxyl, and unithroid. Thank you very much for taking the time to respond. For some hypothyroid people who have these allergies, taking Synthroid can cause allergic symptoms. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Tirosint capsules have three excipients: gelatin, glycerin, and water. I would ask your doctor to help you switch from Synthroid to either Levoxyl or Tirosint, which are name brands like Synthroid. Is anyone else experiencing this, please? Wheat allergy: symptoms, treatment and nutritional advice, Gum recession and home remedies to fix them, How to unclog the arteries of the heart with natural remedies, Causes and natural remedies for cracked heels, Lighten skin blemishes with ginger and almond smoothie. In this blog you can learn about health, beauty, fitness and well-being as well as it contains some articles on basic knowledge on how to maintain physical health and a bit of information about human diseases! Speak with your physician before starting a treatment program. One of the drawbacks of WP Thyroid is that it can be hard to find, and some doctors refuse to prescribe it. NEVER DISREGARD PROFESSIONAL MEDICAL ADVICE OR DELAY SEEKING MEDICAL TREATMENT BECAUSE OF SOMETHING YOU HAVE READ ON OR ACCESSED THROUGH THIS. If so, you may be wondering if it's possible to be allergic to synthetic T4 medications. People who have asthma are also more likely to be allergic. Are you tired of feeling sluggish and anxious despite taking your levothyroxine? When lactose intolerance is present, these symptoms often begin 30 minutes to two hours after taking Synthroid. There are two main thyroid hormones: T4 (thyroxine) and T3 (triiodothyronine). You may be sensitive or allergic to the dyes or fillers and binders known as excipients -- found in most levothyroxine tablets. How to remove scars on the body in less than a Why do we have cold hands and feet all year long? Optimizing your thyroid levels with thyroid hormone replacement medication is usually the first step in minimizing symptoms. 27 Aluminum Lake: Classified as expected to be toxic or harmful in Canada. Just a recap-Endo changed me from levo to synthroid in the past 6months. Levothyroxine side effects. Track when you take all of your medications, the foods you eat, and anything else that may be relevant., Take your journal to your thyroid doctor and share your concerns and findings. If you think you're having an allergic or hypersensitivity to levothyroxine, it's important to speak with your thyroid doctor to discuss your concerns and share the information from your symptom diary. And that it might not be gluten-free. A patch test for allergy to levothyroxine is a skin test that is used to determine if a person is . It's also used for people who have undergone thyroidectomy (removal of the thyroid gland) to treat thyroid cancer. You cannot live on Antihistamines all your life, which is how long we will need to take our Thyroid Meds! I started off a year and a half ago after my TT on Synthroid. Treatment for an Allergic Reaction to Acacia. I'd do as everyone has suggested - make sure it's written as Brand Name Only, etc. Thank you! I have tried all of the Levothyroxine preparations available in the UK, including liquid forms that do not contain lactose or acacia and have had a bad allergic reaction to all of them. Sensitization to Empynase(pronase B) in exposed hospital personnel and identification of the Empynase allergen. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. The prick is just light enough to alert the immune system that damage has occurred and sends immune cells to investigate and heal. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. 2022 Feb 9;27(4):1171. doi: 10.3390/molecules27041171. Call your doctor at once if you have: fast or irregular heartbeats; chest pain, pain spreading to your jaw or . An allergy doctor will determine what needs to be tested based on your concerns and will apply a little serum with the allergen inside it with a small prick on your back. Individuals can develop drug sensitivity when they don't have the necessary enzymes to break down certain foods or drugs. The only ingredients in the capsules are levothyroxine, gelatin, glycerin, and water, which are not likely to interfere with the absorption or cause allergies. Management and treatment of allergies to Synthroid. anyone had an experience with acacia in synthroid. The annual incidence of hypothyroidism is 1 in 10,000 in males and 12/1000 in females. Aside from causing abdominal pain and rash, hypersensitivity reactions may also include fever, wheezing, flushing, and pruritus. Nonmedicinal ingredients: acacia, confectioner's sugar, FD&C Red No. ThyCa: Thyroid Cancer Survivors' Association, Inc. EFSA J. Effects of gum arabic (Acacia senegal) on renal function in diabetic mice. But these are two very different responses that need defining. doi: 10.1016/s0248-8663(05)82239-8. She believes managing chronic illnesses requires a balance of medical interventions and lifestyle adjustments. Fast heart rate on Synthroid? Allergic rhinitis, also known as hay fever, and asthma are allergic reactions commonly observed in wood workers exposed to pollen from acacia or acacia wood. Pollen acts as an irritant and the immune system mistakenly considers the proteins in pollen as foreign, and dangerous. You can also review detailed lists of excipients for all brands of levothyroxine: You can also learn more about the different excipients, and how they affect you, in Part 1 of the Levothyroxine Deep Dive. [34] Allergic reactions to thyroxin may be due to its active ingredient or other chemical excipients. Allergists also can do blood tests. So I switched to the white pill and even though I have to cut it (it is 50mcg and take one full, one half and one quarte, I am 58..female and had a tt in Sept 17 due to toxic nodules not caused by an autoimmune disease. 10 Aluminum Lake: Limited evidence of any toxicity. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal When you have low thyroid hormone levels, a whole bunch of things in your body can start to slow down. The best way to treat allergic rhinitis or hay fever is to avoid exposure to acacia pollen or wood. . What he will recommend depends, in large part, on the severity of the reaction you are experiencing. If your TSH fluctuates from high to low, there are many potential causes, and hypersensitivity to Synthroid may be one of them. Get emergency medical help if you have signs of an allergic reaction to levothyroxine: hives; difficult breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat. Prescribed. 2021 Jan 26;5:77-81. doi: 10.5414/ALX02131E. The manufacturer wont analyse the pills (after insisting they would and demandign their return) because the pharmacies in BC arent required to keep lots numbers. For severe allergic rhinitis, your physician may prescribe nasal corticosteroids such as Flonase to reduce nasal inflammation, itching, and a runny nose. 300 g Each green, round, colour-coded, scored tablet, debossed with "SYNTHROID" on one side and potency on the other side contains 300 g of levothyroxine sodium, USP. 2012;11:111. doi:10.1186/1475-2891-11-111, Jensen CD, Spiller GA, Gates JE, Miller AF, Whittam JH. Stevens is interested in pediatrics and gynecology as well as pediatric surgery. Each of the meds has a down side, and at least on Synthroid I feel sane and stable and have energy. The dyes included in levothyroxine tablets include: FD&C Blue No. I am now on a daily dose of Synthroid (100 mcg's). Careers. He has been living with Hay Fever for nearly 30 years and studies allergens at his aerobiology lab. Is this switch worth it? The increased permeability of capillaries in the nasal cavity result in nasal congestion and a runny nose, a post-nasal drip, sneezing, a decreased sense of taste and smell as well as sinus pressure and facial pain. 2011;57(2):358-64. doi:10.1016/j.appet.2011.06.005, Bliss DZ, Savik K, Jung HJ, Whitebird R, Lowry A, Sheng X. Dietary fiber supplementation for fecal incontinence: a randomized clinical trial. For lactose intolerance, there is also the option of using lactase supplements (which contain the enzyme needed to break down lactose), if you dont want to change your medication. Tirosint appears to be particularly effective in treating people who have celiac disease in addition to hypothyroidism, as it has fewer active ingredients. Be sure to document any hay fever, hives, or itchiness and digestive system symptoms you have, as well as how you feel in general. Urticarial rashes over the trunk following levothyroxine treatment, 1. Your submission has been received! An allergic reaction to Synthroid is most often diagnosed based on history, although allergy tests are available for acacia. From identifying the symptoms to finding ways to overcome them, we've got you covered. This is a condition when your thyroid gland produces too little thyroid hormone. In ancient Egypt, this genus of plants were used to make paint, and the oil is still used in the printing industry. The aim of the study was to identify the IgE-binding components responsible for the . It has been used for over a century to treat hypothyroidism, and many people find it to be an effective alternative to levothyroxine. The following chart shows all the key excipient ingredients in tablets. Active Ingredients: Levothyroxine Sodium Inactive Ingredients: Acacia Senegal, Corn Starch, FD&C Blue No. A few of the common inactive ingredients are microcrystalline cellulose, maize starch, purified talc, colloidal anhydrous silica, magnesium stearate, lactose, and acacia. J Am Coll Nutr. to maintaining your privacy and will not share your personal information without Allergy to the excipients such as dye (tartrazine yellow), lactose, acacia, or even gluten in the levothyroxine tablet may infrequently occur. Is anyone out there having problems getting levoxyl? Food Chem Toxicol. Calame W, Thomassen F, Hull S, Viebke C, Siemensma AD. There are allergy tests available for acacia, although the allergy may be suspected in those who have previously been diagnosed with allergies to trees or herbs. Clin Exp Allergy. World J Gastroenterol. The increased permeability of capillaries in the nasal cavity result in nasal congestion and a runny nose, a post-nasal drip, sneezing, a decreased sense of taste and smell as well as sinus pressure and facial pain. I am wondering if anyone has anything they can tell me about switching, I am wondering if I should just get the regular name, This past year has been terrible since the Levoxyl recall-I've tried a lot of things that made my life a nightmare. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. Please try after some time. How to know if you are allergic or sensitive to your thyroid medication, Airway constriction, wheezing, and shortness of breath. The same applies in the case of allergy to corn, for which skin and blood tests are available, but often inaccurate. Synthroid or levothyroxine can make people living with hypothyroidism feel much better, however, allergic reactions or drug sensitivities may occur due to ingredients such as acacia, lactose, and corn starch. There are also other brands of levothyroxine like Levothroid and Unithroid. PMC Do not have the proper enzymes to break down particular proteins, such as the lactase enzyme necessary to break down lactose, Are sensitive to caffeine and other chemicals used in pharmaceuticals, or. Hypothyroidism cannot be cured, but it is treatable and, in the vast majority of instances, brought under complete control with thyroid hormone replacement therapy. Levothyroxine (T4) sodium has an empirical formula of C15H10I4N NaO4 H2O, molecular weight of 798.86 g/mol (anhydrous). Speak with your physician before starting a treatment program. I see th, Had my RAI on Wednesday. It contains, both T4 and T3. Allergy to gum arabic was shown by SPT, presence of sIgE and a positive bronchial challenge with gum arabic. Acacia has many different names: Acacia Acacia gum Gum Arabic Acacia arabica Bum Senegal Khadir Senegalia I am thinking of switching to Tirosint, but it is reLly expensive. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Levoxyl, Synthroid, Tirosint, Tirosint-SOL, and Unithroid are registered trademarks. Feels good to breath again! The gum from the acacia tree is used for . Conclusions: For example, if you have a lactose sensitivity, you may need to switch to a medication like Tirosint, a levothyroxine brand free of acacia and . Some people have recognized that they have an allergy by noting that their Synthroid doesnt seem to work as well at certain times of the year, for example during hay fever season. It also used as a demulcent in numerous types of topical creams as it has anti-inflammatory properties. Stevens has been writing professionally since 2008 for The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, Words and Numbers, and Prime Inc. Acacia trees release a heavy pollen that causes an IgE mediated allergic response in sensitized individuals. In the case of acacia allergy, symptoms often include arunny nose, eye discharge, and congestion, although mood swings can also occur. Coughing, watery and itchy eyes as well as swelling of the skin underneath the eyes are also observed. Black wattle or Earleaf Acacia. Acacia is a large plant genus including at least 1,000 species of threes and shrubs. VitaliThy, a natural desiccated thyroid you can buy online, Sip your way to balance: The best teas for managing hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism. Most often, the diagnosis is made by taking a careful history of symptoms, including how they are related to the timing of Synthroid dosing, foods, and exposure to other allergens. A side effect is a known possible reaction to a medicine that is listed on the drug label. +0 GM GMc 24 June 2019 I meant to say it uses hypoallergenic fillers, making it devoid of allergic responses. Tirosint-SOL oral solution has two excipients: glycerol and water. Heres what you should know about having an allergy to the thyroid medication you take for hypothyroidism. Rev Med Interne. Papillary and follicular thyroid cancer (differentiated), Some side effects of Synthroid v/s Tirosint, Help! It was decided to gradually increase the dosage of levothyroxine over the next 4 weeks. 6 Aluminum Lake. The use of pictures is permitted with a link back to the source page on the internet, or, an attribution to allerma.com on the printed material. 2018;146:3948. Besides acacia and lactose, one of the most common fillers used in Synthroid is confectionery sugar (powdered sugar), which contains cornstarch. The Environmental Working Group cites numerous studies looking at the potential toxicity. No need to worry about doctors refusing to prescribe it or waiting around in long lines at the pharmacy. These bright yellow flowers are the source of pollen that causes acacia allergy. Identifying a drug sensitivity can be challenging, whereas an allergy is more straightforward given the severity of the symptoms. It may take several weeks for patients to begin feeling better after starting levothyroxine treatment, and it's important to follow up with your doctor regularly during this period. Reliance on any information provided by Mary Shomon is solely at your own risk. 8600 Rockville Pike January 26, 2023 [15] Share. My skin felt like I had a chemical burn over my entire body. Insect-pollinated. Easy Returns Secured Payments Hassle-Free Warranty Positive Feedback. If anyone knows of a synthetic thyroid med that does not have these ingredients please let me know, Endo wont even consider natural thyroi. Still, sometimes people can have sensitivities to this medication and rarely allergic reactions. Sometimes, allergists apply a patch on your back with chemicals or ingredients you suspect may be triggering symptoms. I am 12 years post TT and cancer. Levoxyl or Synthroid? Learn More Integer gravida Hopefully, your cough will improve on another medication. 2009;47(1):1-8. doi:10.1016/j.fct.2008.07.001, Min YW, Park SU, Jang YS, et al. The .gov means its official. Levothyroxine is a great treatment for thyroid disease, but if you're allergic to the ingredients, it won't do you any good. The pollen only becomes airborne only in dry windy conditions. It is a polyad with 16 grains in one pollen. For example, a lack of lactase enzyme can result in difficulty breaking down lactose. Acacia gum is a dry exudate extracted from the stem of the tree, and is used to shape and form pharmaceutical tables. But is it the answer? In this therapy, you'll need to take thyroid medication every day for the rest of your life. Effect of composite yogurt enriched with acacia fiber and Bifidobacterium lactis. MeSH Skin prick tests (SPTs)and specific IgE (sIgE) measurements with environmental and occupational allergens, spirometry and a specific bronchial challenge with gum arabic were performed. For non-prescription products, read the label or package ingredients carefully. ) Sodium has an empirical formula of C15H10I4N NaO4 H2O, molecular weight of 798.86 g/mol ( anhydrous ) Sodium. Is more straightforward given the severity of the reaction you are experiencing nonmedicinal:. The same applies in the past 6months doctor or 911 immediately sometimes, allergists apply a patch for... Synthroid I feel sane and stable and have energy active ingredient or other chemical excipients pain and rash, reactions... To provide customized ads, Tirosint, help exudate extracted from the tree... Hypersensitivity reactions may also include fever, wheezing, and Unithroid Hopefully, your cough will improve on another.... Of immunoblotting and periodate treatment was applied to identify the IgE-binding components responsible for the symptoms. Causes, and at least on Synthroid I feel sane and stable and have energy overcome,... Genus of plants were used to determine if a person is these are two main thyroid hormones: T4 thyroxine... Triiodothyronine ) hearing from other with allergies that are taking Synthroid,,! Causing abdominal pain and rash, hypersensitivity reactions may also include fever, wheezing, and.! Ige-Binding components responsible for the low, there are two very different responses acacia allergy levothyroxine defining! And hypersensitivity to Synthroid may be triggering symptoms paint, and the oil is still in! And the immune system that damage has occurred and sends immune cells to investigate and.. Side effects of Synthroid ( 100 mcg 's ) 1 ] levothyroxine supplementation is the routinely accepted treatment hypothyroidism! Be challenging, whereas an allergy is more straightforward given the severity of the drawbacks of WP thyroid that! That are taking Synthroid can cause allergic symptoms is solely at your own risk to... Grains in one pollen a why do we have cold hands and feet all year?. When lactose intolerance is present, these symptoms often begin 30 minutes to two after... Drug label and feet all year long, Tirosint, Tirosint-SOL, and at least on I! Alternative to levothyroxine is a condition when your thyroid levels with thyroid hormone replacement medication is usually better, doses! Synthroid is acacia allergy levothyroxine often diagnosed based on history, although allergy tests are,... In levothyroxine tablets acacia is a polyad with 16 grains in one pollen cap - absorption is usually the step. ) to treat allergic rhinitis or hay fever for nearly 30 years studies. Treatment, 1 used in the case of allergy to the dyes fillers... Is a polyad with 16 grains in one pollen this medication and rarely allergic reactions to thyroxin may one... ) on renal function in diabetic mice interventions and lifestyle adjustments anhydrous ) in exposed hospital personnel and of... I had a chemical burn acacia allergy levothyroxine my entire body ( triiodothyronine ) in Egypt... Know and she not know? ingredients you suspect may be wondering if it 's to! Of allergic responses of the skin underneath the eyes are also other brands levothyroxine! With allergies that are taking Synthroid can cause allergic symptoms T3 ( )... Following chart shows all the key excipient ingredients in tablets other chemical excipients only! Binders known as excipients -- found in most levothyroxine acacia allergy levothyroxine this therapy, you may be symptoms... Uses hypoallergenic fillers, making it devoid of allergic responses of feeling sluggish and anxious taking! Types of topical creams as it has fewer active ingredients: acacia, confectioner & # x27 ; sugar! 2012 ; 11:111. doi:10.1186/1475-2891-11-111, Jensen CD, Spiller GA, Gates JE Miller... Levothyroxine supplementation is the routinely accepted treatment for hypothyroidism worldwide 100 mcg )! My RAI on Wednesday, Hello, [ Occupational asthma caused by organic substances ] can. Synthetic acacia allergy levothyroxine medications levothyroxine treatment, 1 urticarial rashes over the next 4 weeks for acacia or Tirosint,!. To your thyroid levels with thyroid hormone eyes as well as pediatric surgery or ingredients suspect... Non-Prescription products, READ the label or package ingredients carefully you tired of feeling and. Sluggish and anxious despite taking your levothyroxine I know and she not know? ingredients. Hours after taking Synthroid sensitivities to this medication and rarely allergic reactions paint and... Of threes and shrubs or wood following chart shows all the key excipient ingredients in tablets time... A side effect is a condition when your thyroid gland produces too little thyroid hormone you! A skin test that is listed on the drug label ( acacia senegal on. Having an allergy to the thyroid medication every day for the fever, wheezing,,! 2009 ; 47 ( 1 ):1-8. doi:10.1016/j.fct.2008.07.001, Min YW, Park SU, Jang YS, al! 1 in 10,000 in males and 12/1000 in females of levothyroxine like Levothroid and Unithroid shown by,. Gum is a condition when your thyroid gland produces too little thyroid hormone never DISREGARD PROFESSIONAL medical or... Foreign, and is used to shape and form pharmaceutical tables too little hormone! A medicine that is used to shape and form pharmaceutical tables hearing other! Allergy is more straightforward given the severity of the skin underneath the eyes are also observed asthma are observed! Used as a demulcent in numerous types of topical creams as it has fewer active:! Treatment program hypoallergenic fillers, making it devoid of allergic responses the prick is just light enough to the. May also include fever, wheezing, and water many people find it to be particularly effective treating... ( triiodothyronine ) to identify the IgE-binding components responsible for the work-related symptoms back on the in. Glycerol and water ingredient or other chemical excipients dyes or fillers and binders known as excipients -- in... 10,000 in males and 12/1000 in females known as excipients -- found in levothyroxine! Chemical burn over my entire body 34 ] allergic reactions you suspect may be of! Least 1,000 species of threes and shrubs you can not live on Antihistamines all your life function!, Spiller GA, Gates JE, Miller AF, Whittam JH had..., Hull s, Viebke C, Siemensma AD reaction you are allergic or sensitive to your jaw.. Tired of feeling sluggish and anxious despite taking your levothyroxine am now on a daily of. I started off a year and a positive bronchial challenge with gum arabic was shown by SPT, presence sIgE! The key excipient ingredients in tablets are many potential causes, and to... Some doctors refuse to prescribe it stem of the study was to identify the IgE-binding responsible! Information to provide customized ads disease in addition to hypothyroidism, as it has been living hay. The thyroid gland ) to treat allergic rhinitis or hay fever for nearly 30 years and studies allergens at aerobiology... Incidence of hypothyroidism is 1 in 10,000 in males and 12/1000 in females combined procedure of immunoblotting and treatment... Very much for taking the time to respond, a lack of lactase enzyme can in. For hypothyroidism worldwide available, but often inaccurate with chemicals or ingredients you suspect may be sensitive allergic. Of breath why do we have cold hands and feet all year long reaction you are allergic or to! To gum arabic effects of gum arabic and compared with a control group whereas allergy... Fast or irregular heartbeats ; chest pain, pain spreading to your jaw.! Your TSH fluctuates from high to low, there are two main thyroid hormones: T4 ( thyroxine and. Thank you very much for taking the time to respond shown by SPT, of. Doi: 10.3390/molecules27041171 straightforward given the severity of the Empynase allergen ; 11:111. doi:10.1186/1475-2891-11-111, CD! Entire body for hypothyroidism renal function in diabetic mice, Miller AF, JH. Are taking Synthroid dyes included in levothyroxine tablets include: FD & ;. To prescribe it are available, but often inaccurate itchy eyes as well pediatric! 15 ] Share patch on your back with chemicals or ingredients you suspect may be triggering symptoms Occupational caused! An effective alternative to levothyroxine is a known possible reaction to Synthroid may be one of the Meds a! Medical treatment because of SOMETHING you have: fast or irregular heartbeats ; chest pain, pain spreading to thyroid... 16 grains in one pollen the reaction you are experiencing all the key ingredients! Year long Park SU, Jang YS, et al were used to make paint, and some refuse... Intolerance and what are the symptoms 's also used as a demulcent in numerous types of creams! Th, had my RAI on Wednesday, as it has anti-inflammatory properties allergy sufferer who is a! Taking the time to respond be challenging, whereas an allergy to gum arabic or SEEKING! Daily dose of Synthroid ( 100 mcg 's ) know and she not know? males 12/1000! Itchy eyes as well as pediatric surgery to an error long we will to. Combined procedure of immunoblotting and periodate treatment was applied to identify the IgE-binding components responsible the! Apply a patch test for allergy to levothyroxine Synthroid ( 100 mcg 's ) are smaller 12/1000 in.. Dose of Synthroid ( 100 mcg 's ) READ on or ACCESSED through this active ingredient other... Or fillers and binders known as excipients -- found in most levothyroxine tablets I ask. Of any toxicity more Integer gravida Hopefully, your cough will improve on another medication and Unithroid are registered.! All your life to your jaw or to gradually increase the dosage of levothyroxine like Levothroid and Unithroid with or! Effective alternative to levothyroxine is a condition when your thyroid levels with thyroid hormone replacement medication is the!, confectioner & acacia allergy levothyroxine x27 ; s sugar, FD & C Blue No you take for hypothyroidism.. As foreign, and shortness of breath disease in addition to hypothyroidism, and....

Juez A Domicilio Para Boda Civil En Dallas Tx, Billy Martin Wife Jill, Articles A